Plasma cells either defined by expression of CD138, an adhesion/growth factor receptor [61] or as MSP1-specific IgG ASC, were detected in blood at very low frequencies, and only very transiently (approximately 10 days after primary and secondary infection), in stark contrast to memory B cells, which were detectable in PBMC at all the time points sampled. The gene discussed is ATAD1; the disease is infection.