ATAD1 and infection: Regarding the fate of MSP1-specific MBC during a secondary infection, the significantly higher frequency of memory B cells at day 10 of a secondary infection, followed by a reduced frequency by day 20, may reflect the differentiation of these cells into short-lived plasma cells after antigen stimulation [52], [53] as most early post-germinal centre memory B cells have a limited lifespan [14] as suggested by accompanying increase in ASC in the spleen this time of the secondary P. chabaudi infection.