H. pylori-infected individuals with uncomplicated gastritis showed a significantly elevated expression of mRNA for both M1 (iNOS, 8-fold; CXCL11, 20-fold) and M2 markers (CCL17, 30-fold; CCL18, 70-fold, CD206, 2-fold) compared to uninfected volunteers (Fig. 6A). This evidence concerns the gene CCL18 and gastritis.