INS and atrial fibrillation: Overall, most reported studies demonstrate a positive effect with a variety of pharmacologic agents either anti-arrhythmic (β-blocker, amiodarone, magnesium, calcium blocker) or non-antiarrhythmic drugs (glycose-insulin-potassium, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, N-acetylcysteine, statins); to date, however, no signal particular agent or combination of agent have completely eliminated post cardiac surgery AF.