von Mensdorff-Pouilly et al. [29] demonstrated by sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay in 1996 that anti-MUC1 AAbs were present in the sera of 2/96 (2.1%) healthy controls, 15/40 (37.5%) patients with benign breast tumor, 36/140 (25.7%) patients with early-stage breast carcinoma and 11/61 (18%) patients with advanced-stage breast carcinoma. The gene discussed is MUC1; the disease is breast carcinoma.