CD4 and systemic lupus erythematosus: As shown in Figures 1a, c and 2a, c, PBMCs from all SLE patients, regardless of disease activity based on SLEDAI score, exhibited significantly higher percentages of cells that were CD4+ IL-23R+ and CD8+ IL-23R+ than control subjects (P = 0.0021 for CD4+ and P = 0.0006 for CD8+ T cells).