As shown in Table 4 Only 23 of 80 cases (28.75%) had polη protein positive expression (≥ 5% Polη-positive cancer cells), 16 of the 23 positive cases (69.56%) failed to the treatment, in contrast, only 2 of the 57 negative cases (3.51%) had progressed disease after FOLFOX or XELOX chemotherapy. The gene discussed is POLH; the disease is cancer.