Multiple clinical forms of PAP have been described according to the presumed aetiology [11]: (1) idiopathic (primary) PAP, the most common form diagnosed in adults, which may be either congenital (mutations of α or β chains of the receptor for GM-CSF) or acquired (autoimmune PAP with autoantibodies targeting GM-CSF); (2) secondary PAP, resulting from conditions in which AM function is suppressed, such as immunodeficiency states, hematologic malignancies, exposure to inorganic dusts (eg, silica), or pharmacologically induced. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and hematologic disorder.