To date, predictive biomarkers for targeted therapies in NSCLC have been defined largely in the context of agents that target the EGF receptor family (Shepherd and Tsao, 2010), although recent data suggest a predictive value of EML4-ALK gene fusion for the clinical benefit derived from ALK inhibition (Koivunen et al, 2008). Here, EML4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.