Differently, in the present proof-of-principle study, for the first time to our knowledge, we analyzed the urine of patients with active TB and lung diseases other than TB for the presence of other immune mediators known to be associated with TB, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-8, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES and IP-10. The gene discussed is CCL5; the disease is tuberculosis.