SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Lithium induces autophagy by lowering intracellular inositol or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) levels in an mTOR-independent manner [76], and it has been shown to delay disease progression in a mouse model of ALS overexpressing a mutant form of SOD1 and also in a small trial with ALS patients [77].