While studies performed in the setting of HIV-1 infection have shown that robust, polyfunctional CD8+ T cell responses targeting multiple epitopes in the Gag (and in some cases Nef) protein are associated with better clinical outcome and protection from disease progression it is unclear whether such cells would also provide protection from infection [4], [25], [26], [27], [28]. This evidence concerns the gene S100B and HIV-1 infection.