Analysis of the relationship between anti-CS antibody levels and VE against clinical malaria suggested that within RTS,S recipients, the hazard rates of disease per 2 fold increase anti-CS titres at one month post dose 3 were significantly reduced by 84.1% (95% CI 43.5–95.5, p = 0.004) and 72.4% (95% CI 35.1–88.2, p = 0.003) for the two follow-up periods (ATP3–9 and ATP3–14), respectively. The gene discussed is CS; the disease is malaria.