Together, these results suggested that HCMV infection of HK-2 cells, without EMT, did not induce de novo production of active TGF-β1, whereas the HCMV infected epithelial cells after EMT appeared to acquire the capacity to produce de novo active TGF-β1, similar to the phenotype demonstrated by HCMV infected fibroblasts [25]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cytomegalovirus infection.