Immunoblotting for phosphorylated SMAD2 (p-SMAD2) in nuclear extracts revealed the presence of p-SMAD2 in nuclei of raTGF-β1 treated cells, both in the presence and absence of HCMV infection, whereas cells that were not treated with raTGF-β1 did not contain nuclear p-SMAD2. The gene discussed is SMAD2; the disease is cytomegalovirus infection.