First, SMF exposure over short time periods increased IL-6 levels but suppressed IL-6 production over several days; similar responses – if they occur in vivo – could promote beneficial A1R activity over the short term [9], [10] and ameliorate the high levels of IL-6 found in the brains of Parkinson's patients over the longer term [11]. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and Parkinsonism.