The importance of local production of immune regulating factors in the genital tract is supported by findings reported by Maxion et al., who showed that chemokines associated with Th1 responses, namely CXCL10, CXCL9 and CCL5 were found exclusively in the oviducts, while the Th2-associated chemokine CCL11 was elevated primarily in the cervical region following infection [29]. The gene discussed is CCL5; the disease is infection.