SPO11 and ovarian dysfunction: In contrast to other critical genes during meiosis, such as Dmc1, Msh5, Spo11 and Atm that cause early ovarian failure due to rapid loss of oocytes following disruption of meiosis I [42]–[44], Hormad1 deficiency does not activate apoptotic pathways and does not lead to gross premature loss of oocytes.