NTS and malaria: To address this issue for the particular PfEMP1 of interest, that associated with severe malaria in children [19], rats were immunized with recombinant PFD1235w protein domains expressed in insect cells (NTS-CIDR1α, DBL1α-CIDR1α, CIDR1α, DBL2β, DBL3β, DBL4γ, DBL5δ-CIDR2β, DBL5δ, CIDR2β) or E. coli (DBL1α-CIDR1α, CIDR1α, DBL3β, DBL4γ).