At the same time, cytokines that promote DC differentiation, such as granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 and Th1 polarizing cytokines like IFN-γ and IL-12, are seldom found in large quantities in many human cancers, and ovarian cancer in particular [40, 41]. Here, IFNG is linked to ovarian cancer.