Since we had previously shown that LPG, the most abundant surface molecule expressed on the Leishmania, is a TLR2 ligand capable of inducing IFNγ production in human NK cells [6], we therefore stimulated CD8 from DCL patients with LPG and also with Pam3Cys, a recognized specific TLR2 ligands (Figure 6A, B and C). Here, TLR2 is linked to lipoprotein glomerulopathy.