STAT1 and infection: We found that the phosphorylations by RVFV of STAT1 (Y701), ATF2 (T69/71), MSK (S360), CREB (S133), NF-κB (S536), and p53 (S15/46) infection were transiently increased in general agreement with activation of MAPKs' phosphorylation (Table 1 and Fig. 4, 5).