Inflammatorycytokines are considered to be mediators of and targets for cancer cachexia (17–20); they have been reported to lead topost-transcriptional activation of the peroxisomal proliferator activator receptor γcoactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)pathway, resulting in increased respiration in muscle cells (21). The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is cancer.