A few studies have investigated chemokine levels in NMO, in which CXCL10/IP-10 and CCL17/TARC levels were significantly elevated in NMO patients [20] and CXCL-8/IL-8, CCL4/MIP-1β and CCL2/MCP-1 levels showed significant elevation in opticospinal MS patients (part of them are considered NMO) compared with normal subjects [10]. Here, CCL4 is linked to neuromyelitis optica.