However, some clinical studies do not support this evidence (Lipponen et al, 1994; Parker et al, 2001), and there are conflicting reports about the usefulness of E-cadherin expression as an independent prognostic marker in invasive breast cancer (Bukholm et al, 1998; Howard et al, 2004, 2005). The gene discussed is CDH1; the disease is invasive breast carcinoma.