Although the identification of these cells as macrophages or microglia is not possible since both are CD68-positive, blood-derived macrophages may penetrate into the ALS spinal cord, as suggested by their presence around the vessels with disrupted ZO-1 junctions [32], and into Alzheimer disease brain, as shown by their invasion across brain endothelial cells with disrupted ZO-1 junction [33]. This evidence concerns the gene TJP1 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.