Specifically, genes of growth factor signaling pathways epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and II were preferentially down-regulated in the metastatic tumors. Here, TGFB1 is linked to metastatic neoplasm.