THP-1 monocytic cells have been used extensively as a model of primary human monocytes, have been shown to closely mimic primary human monocytes in their production of TNF-α in response to lipopolysaccharide [20] and have been utilized in diabetes-related studies, such as studies to investigate the production of IL-6 by monocytes in hyperglycemic conditions [21]. Here, TNF is linked to diabetes mellitus.