The transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (protein PGC-1alpha; gene PPARGC1A) is a master regulator of mitochondrial genes, and its expression is weak and related to impaired oxidative phosphorylation in the muscle of patients with T2D [84]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and type 2 diabetes mellitus.