WIF1 and urinary bladder carcinoma: Various reports give credence to a role for Wnt signalling in bladder cancer, including epigenetic loss of Wnt inhibitory components, such as WIF-1, DKK subunits and secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRP) [36], [37], hypermethylation of the APC locus [38] and loss of E-cadherin expression via CDH1 locus hypermethylation or mutation [39].