It is possible that these behaviors lead to increased energy intake in infants; in a related analysis of Project Viva participants, maternal postpartum depression was associated with greater overall adiposity in children at age 3 years.[66] We may speculate that increased caloric intake could have contributed to the greater linear growth observed here through actions of growth hormone or insulin-like growth factors; however, this study did not measure caloric intake or growth hormone, thus we were not able to test these possible mechanisms. This evidence concerns the gene GH1 and postpartum depression.