TYMP and cancer: In this regard, preclinical and clinical studies showed that overexpression of TP by direct transfection of human TP cDNA into cancer cells or its induction by cytokines, chemotherapeutics such as cyclophosphamide and taxanes or by irradiation resulted in increased sensitivity to 5′-DFUR or capecitabine (Haraguchi et al, 1993; Patterson et al, 1995; Kato et al, 1997; de Bruin et al, 2003; Toi et al, 2005).