SYK and breast carcinoma: LMP2A was found to induce the expression of a range of genes that are involved in cell-cycle induction and inhibition of apoptosis, in epithelial and B-cells, by modulating both Ras/PI3-K/Akt and β-Catenin signaling pathways.[32], [33] It was also shown to have repressive effects on the NF-kB pathway, and induce cell migration via interaction with spleen tyrosine kinase (syk).[34], [35] Since it seems that LMP2A has transforming characteristics in epithelial cells, and LMP1 is not expressed in our breast carcinoma series, LMP1 oncogenic capacity could be replaced by LMP2A in our population.