PTEN and cancer: Large cancer centers such as Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) are now embracing the importance of genomics in clinical practice, recently implementing policies to routinely assay a number of breast cancer-related genes — vakt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1) and HER2 at MSKCC, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and TP53 at MGH, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic, alpha (PIK3CA) at both institutions [145].