The community prevalence of anaemia in African children, defined as a haemoglobin (Hb) <11 g/dl, ranges from 49% to 89% and severe anaemia (variously defined as Hb <5 g/dl, <6 g/dl or Hb <7 g/dl) affects between 1%- 6% of children, with infants being the most vulnerable age group[1]. The gene discussed is GSTM1; the disease is anemia.