ACE and Nephropathy: We observed that a) ACE I/D gene polymorphism was significantly associated with neither T2DM nor diabetic nephropathy, b) ethnicity did not alter the null influence of ACE I/D gene polymorphism on diabetic nephropathy except among the Chinese T2DM subjects with nephropathy and c) gender-specific associations were not present between the ACE genotype and diabetic nephropathy.