HAART has had a significant impact on viral load, CD4+ cell count and HIV-related mortality both in adults[7] and in pediatric populations[8] (75% and 67% reductions, respectively, in the risk of death with HAART).[8] Similar reductions in the incidence of both community-acquired pneumonia[9] and opportunistic infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), have been recently reported with HAART.[2, 7, 10, 11]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and Opportunistic infection.