Because binding of circulating oxidatively modified protein and lipid adducts to RAGE and LOX-1 on the endothelial surface induces expression of these biomarkers and mediates vascular pathogenesis of diabetes and atherosclerosis (Navarra et al. 2009; Yan et al. 2009), we postulated that these receptors will be up-regulated in the aorta as a result of increased oxidation by-products generated in response to ozone or DEP exposure. This evidence concerns the gene AGER and atherosclerosis.