We have also reported the clinical efficiency of IFN-α and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (IFN-α/5-FU) combination therapy for advanced HCC and the mechanism of its anti-tumour effect (Eguchi et al, 2000; Sakon et al, 2002; Yamamoto et al, 2004; Kondo et al, 2005; Ota et al, 2005; Nakamura et al, 2007; Wada et al, 2007, 2009; Damdinsuren et al, 2007a, 2007b; Nagano et al, 2007a, 2007b; Noda et al, 2009). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is neoplasm.