PTK2 and colonic neoplasm: It has been demonstrated that sodium butyrate induce cellular growth arrest, differentiation and apoptosis in colon cancer cells through various molecular mechanisms, including histone hyperacetylating [61,62], nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB) activation together with a defective beta1 integrin- focal adhesion kinase (FAK)- phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) pathways signaling[63], downregulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation [64] and induction of cyclin D3 and p21 expression[65].