INS and Hyperglycemia: Excessive HGP is a major contributor to both fasting and postprandial hyperglycaemia and is suppressed by insulin by inhibiting the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes, namely phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Fbp1) and glucose-6-phosphatase.