Figure 5A shows that ischemia-induced increase in O2− production in ischemic tissue at day 7, as measured by lucigenin chemiluminescence assay, was significantly inhibited in IQGAP1−/− mice. To confirm further this result, we also injected the O2− specific dye, dihydroethidium (DHE), into the mice [28] and found that ischemia-induced increase in DHE staining in situ was markedly reduced in IQGAP1−/− mice (Figure 5B). Here, IQGAP1 is linked to ischemia.