INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The disease is classified into type I diabetes (previously referred to as “insulin dependent” or “juvenile onset”), characterized by an absolute insulin deficiency as a consequence of destruction of the insulin secretory pancreatic β cells of the islets of Langerhans; and type II diabetes (“non-insulin dependent” adult-onset” which is characterized by an insulin secretory defect of the β-cell and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues.