Work in experimental models of kidney disease including protein overload injury, proliferative glomerulonephritis, and obstructive kidney disease suggests that increased PAI-1 expression is associated with interstitial fibrosis, and reduction in PAI-1 expression (via drug therapy or recombinant techniques) is associated with attenuation of renal fibrotic injury [46]–[50]. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to kidney disorder.