PTGS2 and adenocarcinoma: ‘Smoldering’ inflammation [3], also called para-inflammation [4], occurs in many types of pre-malignant and malignant tumors, e.g. colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma where the content of inflammatory leukocytes and the inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) influence progression, prognosis and survival [5], [6].