IL1A and infection: By day 14 of infection, most cytokines and chemokines were declining towards background in surviving mice immunized with ΔclpB, whereas the opposite trend was observed for mice immunized with ΔfupAΔcapB. In particular, levels of IFNγ, IL-1α, Il-1β, IL-6, KC, MCP-1, MIP-1β, RANTES, and TNFα were significantly greater in mice immunized with ΔfupAΔcapB versus ΔclpB at this time.