In addition, this study brings to light the potential for PPAR-gamma agonists as anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of inflammation associated with exacerbations of COPD, and demonstrates the value of mouse models of cigarette smoke exposure and viral infection for pre-clinical screening of potential therapeutics for patients with stable COPD and for those suffering from exacerbations of their disease. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.