The whole-body scans (Figure 6B, upper panels) and ex vivo organ imaging (Figure 6B; bottom panels; Figure 6D) at 72 h after injection demonstrated that the brain tumour signal of anti-IGFBP7 sdAb-PEGylated NPs-Cy5.5 is the highest compared with all other organs. This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP7 and brain neoplasm.