CASP9 and breast cancer: Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the expression of the active forms of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were much higher in mammary tumors treated with raloxifene (Figure 6D, F) than in the untreated control tumors (Figure 6C, E), suggesting that mitochondria-mediated apoptosis occurred in mammary tumor tissues exposed to raloxifene in vivo, too.