Additionally, previous phytochemical studies of the P. aculeata leaves extract have shown the presence of orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin (all glycosylated flavonoids) [41–43], which have beneficial effects in diabetes, ameliorating glucose tolerance, lipid profile, glycogen biosynthesis, glucose uptake, and insulin signaling [44–46]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.