VWF and pulmonary emphysema: The coagulant factors (including vWF, a binder and protector of F VIII) and inflammatory parameters we measured are higher in emphysematous groups than those in SHCtrl when AT is higher in SHCtrl, indicating that, at least compared with simple SH, the emphysema (combined or not combined with SH) caused by smoke exposure may lead to a more severe inflammation and more obvious prothrombotic status.