PPARA and metabolic syndrome: Results of these experiments demonstrated that both CDCA and gemfibrozil were effective in reducing plasma levels of triacylglycerols and total cholesterol in ApoE−/− in the absence of ritonavir (Figure S1), strongly supporting the view that the HIV-PI was responsible for the inability of FXR and PPARα agonists to rescue ApoE−/− mice from development dyslipidemia.